Linked List Introduction
Overview of Linked Lists
A Linked List is a linear data structure where elements, called nodes, are linked using pointers. Each node contains data and a reference (or link) to the next node in the sequence. Unlike arrays, linked lists do not require contiguous memory allocation, making them flexible and efficient for dynamic memory usage.
Key Characteristics of Linked Lists
- Dynamic Size: Linked lists can grow or shrink by adding or removing nodes, making them ideal for scenarios where the data size is unknown.
- Non-contiguous Storage: Nodes are scattered in memory and connected through pointers, allowing efficient memory usage.
- Sequential Access: Nodes must be accessed in sequence from the head, which is the starting node of the list.
Types of Linked Lists
- Singly Linked List: Each node has a pointer to the next node only.
- Doubly Linked List: Each node has pointers to both the previous and next nodes, enabling traversal in both directions.
- Circular Linked List: The last node points back to the first node, creating a circular chain.
Advantages of Linked Lists
- Efficient Insertions/Deletions: Nodes can be easily added or removed without shifting other elements.
- Dynamic Memory Allocation: Linked lists use memory only as needed, preventing wasted memory allocation.
Disadvantages of Linked Lists
- No Random Access: Accessing an element requires sequential traversal from the head node.
- Extra Memory for Pointers: Each node needs additional memory for storing pointers, making it less memory-efficient than arrays for small datasets.
Applications of Linked Lists
- Dynamic Memory Management: Useful in scenarios where the data structure needs to grow or shrink frequently.
- Implementing Other Data Structures: Forms the basis for data structures like stacks, queues, and graphs.
- File Systems and Operating Systems: Commonly used to manage memory blocks and file directories.
Linked lists are foundational in data structures, providing flexible and efficient solutions for dynamic data handling.